Accutane is a member of the drug type known as retinoids, which have been shown to alter the way the body reads genes. Use of the drug while expecting a child is known to damage fetuses and reduce the amount of brain cells that they generate. This is why cautions are taken to ensure that female who are pregnant or who may become pregnant do not take the drug. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that brain-cell production can be equally important in adolescents and adults. Scientists at the University of Baths and the University of Texas in Austin express Accutane can also interfere with the body's production of the mood hormone serotonin.

While experience from the more than 13 million users of Accutane worldwide suggests that just 5 to 10 percent experience from side effects, retinoids have also been implied in connections to Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, so specialists are eager to know how the drug works.

Depression Linked to Acne Treatment

Acne treatment with the medication isotretinoin (Accutane) has been implicated in an increase in feelings of depression in adolescent users, and while the link has never been proven, scientists have gathered evidence through an animal study.

Although scientist Dr. Sarah Bailey noted that it is impossible to ask a mouse if it is depressed, its behaviour can be analyzed and modeled with two tests. The first involves causing the adolescent mice to experience stress by forcing it to swim, while the second produces stress by hanging the mice by its tail.

Acne Cure Tested for Side Effects

Normally, a mouse will swim, climb and struggle, and only periodically stop in a phase of resignation. A depressed mouse will stay in its resigned state longer than one that is healthy. The mice given human-equivalent doses of Accutane tended to demonstrate increased depression-related behavior.

Accutane maker Roche claims, "While no causal relationship has been established between Accutane and either depression or suicide, we are permanently inspecting all available safety databases on Accutane worldwide." However, the World Health Organization has reported 720 cases of mental complications linked to the administration of Accutane, including 84 suicides and suicide attempts.

The argument that isotretinoin caused depression and suicide has won a few lawsuits, and is partially responsible for the severe control of the drug, especially in the US. Several case reports of depression, suicidal tendencies, suicide attempt, and suicide in people treated with the acne skin care isotretinoin have been sent to the U.S. FDA Adverse Events Reporting System, with 431 incidences documented between 1982 and May 2001 - of these 37 patients had committed suicide.

Idiosyncratic Effects From Acne Skin Care

Studies have demonstrated that people with acne, the population group eligible to receive isotretinoin therapy, have an elevated risk of clinical depression compared with the general population. Isotretinoin related depression is "an idiosyncratic side effect." Often anxiety can bring on acne and depression, leading to more anxiety. Also, treatment of severe acne with isotretinoin has been demonstrated to reduce anxiety and depression.

One experiment using positron emission tomography (PET) showed functional brain imaging variations in patients treated with isotretinoin, however the clinical significance of this finding is unclear.

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